Biomass derived vegetable oils are quite promising alternative fuels for agricultural diesel engines. Use of vegetable oils in diesel engines leads to slightly inferior performance and higher smoke emissions due to their high viscosity. The performance of vegetable oils can be improved by modifying them through the transesterification process. In the present work, the performance of single cylinder water-cooled diesel engine using methyl-ester of Jatropha and Karanja oil as fuel was evaluated for its performance and exhaust emissions.
The fuel properties of biodiesel such as kinematic viscosity, calorific value, flash point, carbon residue and specific gravity were found. Results indicated that B25 has closer performance to diesel and B100 has lower brake thermal efficiency, mainly due to its high viscosity compared to diesel. The brake thermal efficiency for biodiesel and its blends was found to be slightly higher than that of diesel fuel at tested load conditions and there was no difference between the biodiesel and its blended fuels efficiencies. For Jatropha and karanja biodiesel and its blended fuels, the exhaust gas temperature increased with increase in power and amount of biodiesel. But, diesel blends showed reasonable efficiency, lower smoke, CO2, CO and HC.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
1.1 India’s Energy Scenario
1.2 Need for alternative fuel
1.3 Types of alternative fuels
1.4 History of bio-diesel
1.5 Why to use biodiesel
1.5.1 Advantages
1.5.2 Disadvantages
2. Problem of definition
3. Literature Review
3.1 Preamble
3.2 Jatropha as a Biodiesel
3.3 Karanja as a Biodiesel
3.4 Mixture of karanja and Jatropha as a biodiesel
3.5 Effect of Biodiesel on Engine Emission
4. Theory
4.1 Biodiesel
4.1.1 Filtering
4.1.2 Removing the Water
4.1.3 Catalytic Reaction
4.1.3.1 Acid Catalyst Reaction
4.1.3.2 Base catalyzed reaction
5. Experimental test rig and test process
5.1 Engine specifications
5.2 Engine test process
5.3 Formulae
6. Observations
7. Results and Discussions
7.1 Performance of engine
7.2 Exhaust Emission Results
8. Graphs
9. Conclusion
10. References