As a way of establishing a general framework of the development of politeness research, I will give an overview of different theories: the first being the conversationalist maxim view, including the work of Grice, Lakoff and Leech; and the second being the face- saving view of politeness, including Brown and Levinson's model. Then, I will investigate how politeness is realised in German and English. For this purpose, I will firstly consider cultural specificities that determine linguistic politeness, examining dimensions of cross- cultural difference as proposed by Juliane House and critically evaluate these dimensions. Secondly, I will look at how politeness is reflected in the realisation of the speech act of request, drawing on results from a contrastive study on politeness markers by Juliane House and Gabriele Kasper. These will subsequently be compared to findings gained in other empirical works. Following the critical evaluation, I will also take a closer look at the significant role of modal particles in the modification of requests in order to account for some of the prevalent linguistic choices observed in the contrastive study. Finally, the paper ends with a summarising conclusion.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Theoretical framework of linguistic politeness
2.1 The conversational-maxim view of politeness
2.1.1 Grice's Cooperative Principle .
2.1.2 Lakoff's Rules of Politeness
2.1.3 Leech's Politeness Principle
2.2 The face-saving view of politeness
2.2.1 Brown and Levinson’s Theory of Politeness
3. Contrasting linguistic politeness in German and English
3.1. Dimensions of cross-cultural differences in German and English.
3.1.1 Critical evaluation
3.2. Contrasting speech act realisation: Requests in German and English
3.2.1 Politeness markers in German and English.
3.2.2. Critical evaluation
3.2.3. The role of modal particles
4. Conclusion
5. References