TY  - BOOK
AU  - Elzbieta Szumanska
PY  - 2008
CY  - München, Germany
PB  - GRIN Verlag
SN  - 9783640192816
TI  - Iraq against the United States of America (events 2003-2004)
T2  - A proposal of a judgment of the International Court of Justice
DO  - 10.3239/9783640192816
UR  - https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/116944
N2  - In order to understand the “Second Iraq War”, to follow argumentation of both sides and to
 deliver an appropriate judgment, firstly it is necessary to prove historical facts that have shaped
 given situation.
 Saddam Hussein came formally to power in July 1979 as a President and Chairman of the
 Revolutionary Command Council. Hussein had the absolute power in Iraq and His control of the
 military and all state institutions was beyond question. Under his leadership Iraq has never been a
 democratic, peaceful state: systematically violated laws and human rights, mass killings, tortures
 and political imprisonment led to a crisis which has become a subject of the dispute on international
 stage till nowadays.
 One of the conflicts, Hussein was involved in, was the war with Iran 1980-1988 for the
 control over the waterway Shatt al-Arab. This warfare has grown from a much wider background:
 Kurdish and Shiites problem, religious conflict, personal enmity between Hussein and Ayatollah
 Komeini and Iraq’s gain to replace Iran’s leading position in the Arab world. As a result of the
 conflict, where chemical and biological weapons were used, died and were wounded hundreds
 thousands of people
 The next aggressive step of Hussein’s government was the invasion of Kuwait in August
 1990 behind an accusation that the state is stealing oil from Rumailah Fields and establishes
 military bases within the Iraqi territory. An immediate reaction on the attack resulted in
 international1 demanding of withdrawal of the Iraqi army from Kuwait by issuing several
 resolutions2 against Iraq. When Saddam Hussein refused to fulfill their obligations the United
 Nations Security Council put economic sanctions on Iraq (THE SC RESOLUTION 661). In
 September 1990 the Security Council authorized United Nations Member States cooperating with
 Kuwait government “to use necessary means to uphold and implement Resolution 660 and all
 subsequent relevant resolutions” in order to restore peace (THE SC RESOLUTION 678). Hussein
 refused to accomplish also this obligation and only the military operation “Dessert Storm” brought
 the war between Iraq and Kuwait to the end (historyguy.com).
 
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KW  - Iraq, United, States, America, International, Judicial, System, USA, 2003, 2004, war, ICJ
LA  - English
ER  -